89 Gray Code
89. Gray Code
1. Question
The gray code is a binary numeral system where two successive values differ in only one bit.
Given a non-negative integernrepresenting the total number of bits in the code, print the sequence of gray code. A gray code sequence must begin with 0.
For example, givenn= 2, return[0,1,3,2]
. Its gray code sequence is:
00 - 0
01 - 1
11 - 3
10 - 2
Note: For a givenn, a gray code sequence is not uniquely defined.
For example,[0,2,3,1]
is also a valid gray code sequence according to the above definition.
2. Implementation
(1) Backtracking
思路: 本质上和320 Generalized Abbreviation一样,对每个bit,我们有两种选择,要么不改变原有的bit,要么反转现有的bit
class Solution {
public List<Integer> grayCode(int n) {
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
int[] num = new int[1];
getGrayCode(n, num, res);
return res;
}
public void getGrayCode(int n, int[] num, List<Integer> res) {
if (n == 0) {
res.add(num[0]);
return;
}
// For each bit of the num, we either leave it alone or invert the current bit
// Leave the current bit alone
getGrayCode(n - 1, num, res);
// Invert the current bit
num[0] ^= (1 << (n -1));
getGrayCode(n - 1, num, res);
}
}
3. Time & Space Complexity
Backtracking: 时间复杂度O(2^n), 空间复杂度O(2^n)
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